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From: Subject: www.industrie.gouv.fr - barrages Date: Sun, 18 Feb 2007 08:20:51 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C75335.B37E4F00" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3028 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C75335.B37E4F00 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.industrie.gouv.fr/energie/hydro/b-poids.htm www.industrie.gouv.fr - barrages

3Dpuce=20 =20 Barrages-poids

3D"image

<= IMG=20 height=3D135 alt=3DSARRANS=20 = src=3D"http://www.industrie.gouv.fr/energie/hydro/photos/reduc/sarrans0.j= pg"=20 width=3D200 align=3Dcenter border=3D0>

La stabilit=E9 des barrages-poids sous = l'effet de la=20 pouss=E9e de l'eau est assur=E9e par le poids du mat=E9riau. = Ces ouvrages=20 peuvent =EAtre en ma=E7onnerie ou en b=E9ton, en = ma=E7onnerie hourd=E9e =E0 la=20 chaux pour les plus anciens, en b=E9ton compact=E9 au = rouleau pour les=20 plus r=E9cents. Ce type de barrage convient bien pour des = vall=E9es=20 larges ayant une fondation rocheuse. Ils sont souvent = d=E9coup=E9s en=20 plots =E0 la construction, l'=E9tanch=E9it=E9 entre plots = =E9tant assur=E9e par=20 un dispositif plac=E9 =E0 l'amont des = joints.

Les formes sont diverses, forme rectangulaire simple pour les = plus=20 petits, forme triangulaire de fa=E7on classique, formes = audacieuses plus=20 =E9lanc=E9es dans la partie sup=E9rieure =E0 la fois pour des = raisons=20 architecturales et de quantit=E9 de mat=E9riau mis en oeuvre. Au = si=E8cle=20 dernier, les ma=EEtres d'oeuvre ont cherch=E9 =E0 =E9conomiser de = la mati=E8re en=20 raidissant progressivement les parements. Ils ont donn=E9 une = forme=20 l=E9g=E8rement courbe au trac=E9 en plan du barrage de mani=E8re = =E0 permettre les=20 mouvements de la structure en =E9vitant l'ouverture des joints, = notamment en=20 hiver.

Les ruptures successives du barrage de Bouzey ont amen=E9 les=20 constructeurs =E0 plus de prudence en mettant en =E9vidence le = r=F4le jou=E9 par=20 les sous-pressions tant dans les fondations que dans le corps du = barrage.=20 Les formes les plus fr=E9quentes des barrages-poids modernes sont = des=20 profils triangulaires qui se redressent en partie sup=E9rieure = pour=20 supporter la route de couronnement. Le parement amont est souvent = vertical=20 ou avec un fruit tr=E8s faible.

On peut distinguer les barrages pour lesquels les fonctions = poids et=20 =E9tanch=E9it=E9 sont assur=E9es de mani=E8re conjointe, comme les = barrages en=20 ma=E7onnerie "homog=E8ne" (bien que le parement amont soit souvent = mieux=20 appareill=E9 et/ou recouvert d'un enduit), et ceux pour lesquels = les deux=20 fonctions sont parfaitement s=E9par=E9es : barrage-poids =E0 = masque amont du=20 type L=E9vy, barrage-poids en b=E9ton compact=E9 au rouleau (BCR) = avec membrane=20 d'=E9tanch=E9it=E9 ou masque amont.

La stabilit=E9 des barrages-poids repose essentiellement sur = leur fruit=20 et, si n=E9cessaire, sur l'efficacit=E9 du drainage qui met le = massif poids =E0=20 l'abri des sous-pressions. Leur inconv=E9nient majeur est de ne = pas utiliser=20 pleinement les capacit=E9s du mat=E9riau constituant la partie = r=E9sistante du=20 barrage (ma=E7onnerie ou b=E9ton) =E0 supporter des efforts = importants de=20 compression. Il est donc venu rapidement =E0 l'id=E9e des = projeteurs de=20 supprimer du b=E9ton superflu en all=E9geant la structure, en = cr=E9ant des=20 arcades ou des niches sur le parement aval, en r=E9duisant la = surface=20 d'assise au sol. Lorsque ces =E9l=E9gissements descendent = jusqu'=E0 la=20 fondation, il en r=E9sulte une augmentation des contraintes = appliqu=E9es au=20 sol de fondation. Mais la r=E9duction de la surface d'assise se = traduit par=20 un meilleur drainage de ce contact. Les sous-pressions dangereuses = pour la=20 stabilit=E9 de l'ouvrage sont alors limit=E9es. Pour certains = barrages en=20 rivi=E8re, les vannes repr=E9sentent une part importante du = parement amont. La=20 structure r=E9sistante est alors limit=E9e au socle d'assise et = aux=20 contreforts entre vannes.

<= IMG=20 height=3D137 alt=3D"PLAN D'AMONT"=20 = src=3D"http://www.industrie.gouv.fr/energie/hydro/photos/reduc/planamo0.j= pg"=20 width=3D200 align=3Dleft border=3D0>

=20

=A9 Minist=E8re de l'=C9conomie, des Finances et de = l'Industrie, DGEMP, 14/01/2000 =

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